While retirement plans benefit from special tax advantages, they are also restricted by special tax regulations. For example, you are allowed a tax break if you contribute to a retirement plan and you are able to have your retirement income grow free of taxes (for a certain period of time). However, annual contributions, the total size of each contribution, and the frequency of contributions are subject to restrictions. It is important that you carefully consider your options before deciding on a retirement plan. There are generally two categories to choose from, IRAs and employer-sponsored plans.
IRAs: Considered to be the most widely used retirement plans around, IRAs are a mix of easy setup and maintenance. Anyone can open an IRA, regardless of employer approval, and you can contribute as much as you want (as long as you don’t surpass the annual limits). Listed below are the descriptions of the three most popular types of IRAs.
Traditional IRA. With this type of IRA you are able to let your assets grow on a tax-deferred basis. This is advantageous because you will not have to pay taxes on your assets until you withdraw funds from your account.
Your eligibility to make a contribution depends on statutory limits, your earned income and your age. Your contribution is limited to the amount of earned income income from wages and self-employment income that you have for the year. It doesn’t include investment income. Those age 50 and older may be able to make additional catch-up contributions. Plus, your spouse may use your earned income to make a contribution of his or her own. However, you (and your spouse) are eligible to make contributions only if you’re under age 701/2 at the end of the year for which you’re making the contribution.
Considering other options besides the traditional IRA may be in your best interest.
The deductibility of your contribution is one factor that may make you lean towards once type of IRA over another. Your income level, along with other factors, will determine if a contribution to a traditional IRA will be fully deductible. If both you and your spouse are able to participate in a plan that is sponsored by one of your employers, you are automatically able to deduct your contribution, regardless of how much income you earn. However, your adjusted gross income (AGI) might make your deductions value reduced or even worthless.
If you aren’t eligible to make a deductible contribution (or a Roth IRA contribution), you may wish to make a nondeductible one you’ll still enjoy the benefit of tax-deferred growth. And, when you withdraw the funds after age 591/2, only the earnings will be taxed. You can withdraw your nondeductible contribution without tax.
Roth IRA. A Roth IRA and a traditional IRA have the same contribution amounts. The difference between these two plans is the eligibility rules. A Roth IRA has no age limit with respect to contributions. However, you are only allowed to escape the age limit if you meet the earned income requirement.
The total amount of your annual contribution to IRAs can never be larger than the defined limit. That being said, if you are eligible you can contribute all of your income to a traditional or all of your income to a Roth IRA. You are even allowed to split your contribution between the two different IRA?s.
If you decide to go with a Roth IRA you will have to remember than you are not allowed to claim a deduction. However, you are allowed to withdraw all of your IRA earnings free of tax after you reach the age of 59. You will have to have your account for 5 years to do this.
Traditional IRAs also have required minimum distribution rules that must be followed, Roth IRAs do not have such restrictions.
The exact formula for calculating the contribution amount is very complicated. However, if you were to use 20% of your net self-employment earnings as a guess it would be a close estimate.The formula for calculating the exact contribution amount is too complex for our purposes, but a rough estimate of 20% of your net self-employment earnings is a good start.
Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRA. A SEP IRA provides self-employed individuals a way to make more significant retirement contributions than would be available to them through a traditional or Roth IRA. Funds are treated, for tax purposes, the same as IRA funds; you may claim a deduction for your contributions, and distributions will be taxed. But the contribution limits can be much higher.
This data is distributed for informational purposes only; Doeren Mayhew is not rendering legal, accounting, or other professional advice or opinions and assumes no legal responsibility. Contact Doeren Mayhew for more information.